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Calling all codes: Interactive effects of
semantics, phonology, and orthography
produce dissociations in a repetition
blindness paradigm
JENNIFER A.
STOLZ
University of Waterloo
JAMES H. NEELY
State University of New York at Albany
We used the repetition blindness (RB) paradigm to examine the roles of semantics,
phonology, and orthography on report from rapidly presented 5-item word lists.
Semantic primes in positions 1 and 3 in the list preceded homographic homophones,
homographic heterophones, and heterographic homophones as critical
targets in positions 2 and 4. All codes (i.e., semantic, phonologic, and orthographic)
were repeated, or meaning changed while only phonology, only orthography, or
both were repeated for the critical targets. Using a scoring procedure that considered
order of report, we assessed facilitation for report of the first instance of
the repeated target (a novel aspect of our procedure) and RB for report of the
second instance of the repeated target. Except when accompanied by a change
in orthography, a change in meaning reduced RB relative to when all codes were
repeated. Facilitation in the report of the first instance of the repeated item occurred
only if meaning changed and phonology was repeated (independent of
whether orthography changed). Finally, recall was worse for the meaning change
nonrepeated control lists (which instantiated 3 unrelated meanings in the list,
including the last unrelated item) than for the nomeaning change control lists
(which instantiated 2 unrelated meanings). We discuss the relevance of these findings
for extant accounts of repetition blindness.
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